AP7006 SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING

AP7006 SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

Introduction to measurement systems: general concepts and terminology, measurementsystems, sensor classification, general input-output configuration, methods of correction performance characteristics: static characteristics of measurement systems, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, other characteristics: linearity, resolution, systematic errors , random errors, dynamic characteristics of measurement systems: zero-order, first-order, and second-order measurement systems and response 

UNIT II RESISTIVE SENSORS

Resistive sensors: potentiometers , strain gages and types, resistive temperature detectors (rtds) , thermistors , magneto resistors, light-dependent resistors (ldrs); Signal conditioning for resistive sensors: measurement of resistance , voltage dividers , Wheatstone bridge. Balance and deflection measurements , sensor bridge calibration and compensation instrumentation amplifiers , interference types and reduction 

UNIT III REACTIVE SENSORS

Reactance variation and electromagnetic sensors : capacitive sensors – variable & differential, inductive sensors – reluctance variation, eddy current, linear variable differential transformers (lvdts) , variable transformers: synchros, resolvers, inductosyn , magneto elastic sensors, electromagnetic sensors – sensors based on faraday’s law, hall effect sensors, Signal conditioning for reactance variation sensors : problems and alternatives, ac bridges, carrier amplifiers – application to the lvdt, variable oscillators, resolver-to-digital and digital-to-resolver converters 

UNIT IV SELF-GENERATING SENSORS

Self-generating sensors: thermoelectric sensors, piezoelectric sensors, pyroelectric sensors, photovoltaic sensors , electrochemical sensors, Signal conditioning for self-generating sensors: chopper and low-drift amplifiers, offset and drifts amplifiers , electrometer amplifiers, charge amplifiers, noise in amplifiers

UNIT V DIGITAL SENSORS AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE SENSORS

Digital sensors: position encoders, variable frequency sensors – quartz digital thermometer, vibrating wire strain gages , vibrating cylinder sensors, saw sensors, digital flow meters, Sensors based on semiconductor junctions : thermometers based on semiconductor junctions, magneto diodes and magneto transistors, photodiodes and phototransistors, sensors based on mosfet transistors, chargecoupled sensors–types of CCD imaging sensors , ultrasonic-based sensors , fiber-optic sensors

REFERENCES: 

1. Ramon Pallás Areny, John G. Webster, “Sensors and Signal Conditioning”, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2000 

2. D.Patranabis, “Sensors and Transducers”, TMH 2003 

3. Jon Wilson , “Sensor Technology Handbook”, Newne 2004. 

4. Herman K.P. Neubrat, “Instrument Transducers – An Introduction to Their Performance and Design”, Oxford University Press. 

5. E.O. Doeblin, “Measurement System : Applications andDesign”, McGraw Hill Publications

6. D. Johnson, “Process Control Instrumentation Technology”, John Wiley and Sons 

7. Kevin James, PC Interfacing and Data acquisition, Elsevier, 2011 

8. Graham Brooker, Introduction to Sensors for ranging and imaging, Yesdee, 2009 

9. Ian Sinclair, Sensors and Transducers, Elsevier, 3rd Edition, 2011