ET7015 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS

ET7015       DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS

UNIT I    FUNDAMENTALS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

Introduction – Steps in image processing systems – Image acquisition – Sampling and Quantization – Pixel relationships – Color fundamentals and models, File formats, Image operations – Arithmetic, Geometric and Morphological

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UNIT II    IMAGE ENHANCEMENT

Spatial Domain: Gray level Transformations – Histogram processing – Spatial filtering smoothing and sharpening.  Frequency Domain: Filtering in frequency domain – DFT, FFT, DCT – Smoothing and sharpening filters – Homomorphic Filtering

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UNIT III   IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND FEATURE ANALYSIS

Detection of Discontinuities – Edge operators – Edge linking and Boundary Detection – Thresholding – Region based segmentation – Morphological Watersheds – Motion Segmentation, Feature Analysis and Extraction. 

UNIT IV    MULTI RESOLUTION ANALYSIS AND COMPRESSIONS

Multi Resolution Analysis: Image Pyramids – Multi resolution expansion – Wavelet Transforms, Image compression: Fundamentals – Models – Elements of Information Theory – Error free compression – Lossy Compression – Compression Standards

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UNIT V    APPLICATION OF IMAGE PROCESSING

Image classification – Image recognition – Image understanding – Video motion analysis – Image fusion – Steganography – Digital compositing Mosaics – Colour Image Processing.

REFERENCES : 

1. Rafael C.Gonzalez and Richard E.Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, 2nd Edition,      Pearson Education, 2003. 

2. Milan Sonka, Valclav Halavac and Roger Boyle, “Image Processing, Analysis and      Machine Vision”, 2nd Edition, Thomson Learning, 2001. 

3. Anil K.Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”. Pearson Education, 2003.   

ET7014 APPLICATION OF MEMS TECHNOLOGY

ET7014       APPLICATION OF MEMS TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I  MEMS:MICRO-FABRICATION, MATERIALS AND ELECTRO-MECHANICAL CONEPTS

Overview of micro fabrication – Silicon and other material based fabrication processes – Concepts: Conductivity of semiconductors-Crystal planes and orientation-stress and strainflexural beam bending analysis-torsional deflections-Intrinsic stress- resonant frequency and quality factor. 

UNIT II      ELECTROSTATIC SENSORS AND ACTUATION

Principle, material, design and fabrication of parallel plate capacitors as electrostatic sensors and actuators-Applications  

UNIT III     THERMAL SENSING AND ACTUATION

Principle, material, design and fabrication of thermal couples, thermal bimorph sensors, thermal resistor sensors-Applications.  

UNIT IV     PIEZOELECTRIC SENSING AND ACTUATION

Piezoelectric effect-cantilever piezo electric actuator model-properties of piezoelectric materials-Applications

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UNIT V     CASE STUDIES

Piezoresistive sensors, Magnetic actuation, Micro fluidics applications, Medical applications, Optical MEMS.-NEMS Devices 

REFERENCES 

1. Chang Liu, “Foundations of MEMS”, Pearson International Edition, 2006. 

2. Marc Madou , “Fundamentals of microfabrication”,CRC Press, 1997.

3. Boston , “Micromachined Transducers Sourcebook”,WCB McGraw Hill, 1998. 

4. M.H.Bao “Micromechanical transducers :Pressure sensors, accelerometers and     gyroscopes”, Elsevier, Newyork, 2000. 

5. P. RaiChoudry“ MEMS and MOEMS Technology and Applications”, PHI, 2012. 

6. Stephen D. Senturia, “ Microsystem Design”, Springer International Edition, 2011. 

CL7004 ROBOTICS AND CONTROL

CL7004 ROBOTICS AND CONTROL

UNIT I         INTRODUCTION AND TERMINOLOGIES:

Definition-Classification-History- Robots components-Degrees of freedom-Robot joints- coordinates- Reference frames-workspace-Robot languages-actuators-sensors- Position, velocity and acceleration sensors-Torque sensors-tactile and touch sensors-proximity and range sensors- vision system-social issues  

UNIT II        KINEMATICS

Mechanism-matrix representation-homogenous transformation-DH representation-Inverse kinematics-solution and programming-degeneracy and dexterity 

UNIT III       DIFFERENTIAL  MOTION AND PATH PLANNING

Jacobian-differential motion of frames-Interpretation-calculation of Jacobian-Inverse Jacobian- Robot Path planning  

UNIT IV      DYNAMIC MODELLING

Lagrangian mechanics- Two-DOF manipulator- Lagrange-Euler formulation – Newton-Euler formulation – Inverse dynamics  

UNIT V      ROBOT CONTROL SYSTEM

Linear control schemes- joint actuators- decentralized PID control- computed torque control – force control- hybrid position force control- Impedance/ Torque control.

REFERENCES 

1. R.K. Mittal and I J Nagrath, “ Robotics and Control”,  Tata MacGrawHill, Fourth Reprint 2003. 

2. Saeed B. Niku ,''Introduction to Robotics '', Pearson Education, 2002 

3. Fu, Gonzalez and Lee Mcgrahill ,''Robotics ", international 

4. R.D. Klafter, TA Chmielewski and Michael Negin, "Robotic Engineering, An Integrated approach", Prentice Hall of India, 2003. 

5. Reza N.Jazar, Theory of Applied Robotics Kinematics, Dynamics and Control, Springer, Fist Indian Reprint 2010.  

ET7013 DISTRIBUTED EMBEDDED COMPUTING

 ET7013        DISTRIBUTED EMBEDDED COMPUTING 

UNIT I       THE HARDWARE INFRASTRUCTURE

Broad Band Transmission facilities – Open Interconnection standards – Local Area Networks – Wide Area Networks – Network management – Network Security – Cluster computers.  

UNIT II       INTERNET CONCEPTS

Capabilities and limitations of the internet – Interfacing Internet server applications to corporate databases HTML and XML Web page design and the use of active components.  

UNIT III      DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING USING JAVA

IO streaming – Object serialization – Networking – Threading – RMI – multicasting – distributed databases – embedded java concepts – case studies.  

UNIT IV      EMBEDDED AGENT

Introduction to the embedded agents – Embedded agent design criteria – Behaviour based, Functionality based embedded agents – Agent co-ordination mechanisms and benchmarks embedded-agent. Case study: Mobile robots.

  

UNIT V      EMBEDDED COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

Synthesis of the information technologies of distributed embedded systems – analog/digital co-design – optimizing functional distribution in complex system design – validation and fast prototyping of multiprocessor system-on-chip – a new dynamic scheduling algorithm for real-time multiprocessor systems.             

REFERENCES: 

1. Dietel & Dietel, “JAVA how to program”, Prentice Hall 1999. 

2. Sape Mullender, “Distributed Systems”, Addison-Wesley, 1993. 

3. George Coulouris and Jean Dollimore, “Distributed Systems – concepts and   design”,Addison –Wesley 1988. 

4. “Architecture and Design of Distributed Embedded Systems”, edited by Bernd Kleinjohann C-lab, Universitat Paderborn, Germany, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, April 2001, 248 pp.   

ET7012 COMPUTER IN NETWORKING AND DIGITAL CONTROL

ET7012          COMPUTER IN NETWORKING AND DIGITAL CONTROL

UNIT I      NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS 

Data communication networking – Data transmission concepts – Communication networking -  Overview of OSI- TCP/IP layers – IP addressing  - DNS – Packet Switching – Routing –Fundamental concepts in SMTP, POP,  FTP, Telnet, HTML, HTTP, URL, SNMP,ICMP.

  

UNIT II    DATA COMMUNICATION  

Sensor data acquisition, Sampling, Quantization, Filtering ,Data Storage, Analysis using compression techniques, Data encoding – Data link control – Framing, Flow and Error control, Point to point protocol,  Routers, Switches , Bridges – MODEMs,  Network layer – Congestion control , Transport layer- Congestion control, Connection establishment.

  

UNIT III    VIRTUAL  INSTRUMENTATION

Block diagram and Architecture – Data flow techniques – Graphical programming using GUI – Real time system – Embedded controller – Instrument drivers – Software and hardware simulation of I/O communication blocks – ADC/DAC – Digital I/O – Counter , Timer, Data communication ports.

  

UNIT IV   MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL THROUGH INTERNET

Web enabled measurement and control-data acquisition for Monitoring of plant parameters through Internet – Calibration of measuring instruments through Internet, Web based control – Tuning of controllers through Internet  

UNIT V VI  BASED MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL

Simulation of signal analysis & controller logic modules for Virtual Instrument control – Case study of systems using VI for   data acquisition, Signal analysis, controller design, Drives control.    

         

REFERENCES: 

1. Wayne Tomasi, “Introduction to Data communications and Networking” Pearson Education, 2007. 2. Al Williams, “Embedded Internet Design”,  Second Edition, TMH, 2007. 

3. Douglas E.Comer,  “Internetworking with TCP/IP, Vol. 1”, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, 1999. 

4. Cory L. Clark, “LabVIEW Digital Signal Processing and Digital Communication”, TMH edition 2005. 

5. Behrouza A Forouzan,”Data Communications and Networking”  Fourth edition, TMH, 2007. 

35  

6. Krishna Kant,”Computer based Industrial control”,PHI,2002. 

7. Gary Johnson, “LabVIEW Graphical Programming”, Second edition, McGraw Hill, Newyork, 1997. 

8. Kevin James, ”PC Interfacing and Data Acquisition: Techniques for measurement, Instrumentation and control, Newnes, 2000. 

9. Cory L. Clark,”LabVIEW Digital Signal processing and Digital Communications” Tata McGRAW-HILL  edition, 2005. 

ET7011 SMART METER AND SMART GRID COMMUNICATION

ET7011    SMART METER AND SMART GRID COMMUNICATION 

UNIT I   INTRODUCTION

Introduction to Smart grid and metering technology- Smart energy management technical architecture-Functions of Smart Grid and smart meters, Opportunities and challengesDifference between conventional and smart grid-meters, Concept of Resilient and Self Healing Grid, recent developments and International policies in Smart Grid. IEC 61850 protocol standards.  

UNIT II         SMART METERS

Smart metering-Smart Meters types- hardware architecture- software architecture- requirements- communication protocols- Real Time Prizing, Smart Appliances, Automatic Meter Reading- MEMS, Smart Sensors- Smart actuators- Advanced metering infrastructure- spectrum analyzer.  

UNIT III       SMART GRID AND APPLICATIONS

Outage Management System, Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Vehicle to Grid,  Home and Building Automation- Smart Substations, Substation Automation, Feeder Automation- Geographic Information System(GIS), Intelligent Electronic Devices and their application for monitoring and protection- -Smart city- Wide Area Measurement System, Phase Measurement Unit- Power Quality and EMC in Smart Grid, Power Quality issues of Grid connected Renewable Energy Sources, Power Quality Conditioners for Smart Grid, Web based Power Quality monitoring and Power Quality Audit.  

UNIT IV       MICROGRIDS

Concept of microgrid, need and applications of microgrid, formation of microgrid, Issues of interconnection, protection and control of microgrid. Plastic and Organic solar cells, Thin film solar cells, Variable speed wind generators, fuelcells, microturbines, Captive power plants, Integration of renewable energy sources.

  

UNIT V       INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR                     SMART GRID AND METERS 

Home Area Networks for smart grid - IEEE802.15.4- ITU G.hn-IEEE 802.11, Field Area Networks -power-line communications- IEEE P1901 /HomePlug, RF mesh, Wide-area Networks for Smart Grid- Fiber Optics, WiMAX, sensor networks, Information Management in Smart Grid - SCADA, CIM. Networking Issues in Smart Grid -Wireless Mesh Network- CLOUD Computing - Security and Privacy in Smart Grid and smart meters -Broadband over Power line.  

     

TEXT BOOKS: 

1. Ali Keyhani, Mohammad N. Marwali, Min Dai “Integration of Green and Renewable      Energy in Electric Power Systems”, Wiley 

2. Stuart Borlase, “ Smart Grid: infrastructure, technology and Solutions”.2012     CRC Press 

3. Janaka Ekanayake, Nick Jenkins, Kithsiri Liyanage, Jianzhong Wu, Akihiko Yokoyama,      “Smart Grid: Technology and Applications”, Wiley 

4. Jean Claude Sabonnadière, Nouredine Hadjsaïd, “Smart Grids”, Wiley Blackwell 

5. Peter S. Fox Penner, “Smart Power: Climate Changes, the Smart Grid, and the Future of     Electric Utilities”, Island Press; 1 edition 8 Jun 2010 

6. S. Chowdhury, S. P. Chowdhury, P. Crossley, “Microgrids and Active Distribution     Networks.” Institution of Engineering and Technology, 30 Jun 2009 

7. Stuart Borlase, “Smart Grids (Power Engineering)”, CRC Press 

REFERENCES: 

1. Andres Carvallo, John Cooper, “The Advanced Smart Grid: Edge Power Driving    Sustainability: 1”, Artech House Publishers July 2011 

2. James Northcote, Green, Robert G. Wilson “Control and Automation of Electric Power     Distribution Systems (Power Engineering)”, CRC Press 

3. Mladen Kezunovic, Mark G. Adamiak, Alexander P. Apostolov, Jeffrey George Gilbert “Substation Automation (Power Electronics and Power Systems)”, Springer 

4. R. C. Dugan, Mark F. McGranghan, Surya Santoso, H. Wayne Beaty, “Electrical Power     System Quality”, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill Publication 

5. Yang Xiao, “Communication and Networking in Smart Grids”, CRC Press.   

ET7010 CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY

ET7010     CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY 

UNIT I      SYMMETRIC CIPHERS

Overview – classical Encryption Techniques – Block Ciphers and the Data Encryption standard – Introduction to Finite Fields – Advanced Encryption standard – Contemporary Symmetric Ciphers – Confidentiality using Symmetric Encryption.

  

UNIT II    PUBLIC-KEY ENCRYPTION AND HASH FUNCTIONS

Introduction to Number Theory – Public-Key Cryptography and RSA – Key Management – Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange – Elliptic Curve Cryptography – Message Authentication and Hash Functions – Hash Algorithms – Digital Signatures and Authentication Protocols.  

UNIT III  NETWORK SECURITY PRACTICE

Authentication Applications – Kerberos – X.509 Authentication Service – Electronic mail Security – Pretty Good Privacy – S/MIME – IP Security architecture – Authentication Header – Encapsulating Security Payload – Key Management.  

UNIT IV  SYSTEM SECURITY

Intruders – Intrusion Detection – Password Management – Malicious Software – Firewalls – Firewall Design Principles – Trusted Systems. 

UNIT V   WIRELESS SECURITY

Introduction to Wireless LAN Security Standards – Wireless LAN Security Factors and Issues.   

        

TEXT BOOKS 

1.   William Stallings, “Cryptography And Network Security – Principles And        Practices”, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 2003.  

REFERENCES 

1. Atul Kahate, “Cryptography and Network Security”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003. 

2. Bruce Schneier, “Applied Cryptography”, John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2001. 

3. Stewart S. Miller, “Wi-Fi Security”, McGraw Hill, 2003. 

4. Charles B. Pfleeger, Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, “Security In Computing”, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education, 2003. 

5. Mai, “Modern Cryptography:  Theory and Practice”, First Edition, Pearson         Education, 2003. 

  

ET7009 PERVASIVE DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGY

ET7009     PERVASIVE DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I    OVERVIEW OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Challenges for Wireless Sensor Networks- Characteristic requirements  for WSN - Challenges for WSNs – WSN vs Adhoc Networks -  Sensor node architecture – Commercially available sensor nodes –Imote, IRIS, Mica Mote, TelosB,-Physical layer and transceiver design considerations in WSNs, introduction to fundamentals of MAC protocols - Low duty cycle protocols and wakeup concepts - Contention-based protocols  -  Schedule-based protocols -the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol- Energy usage profile, Choice of modulation scheme,  Dynamic modulation scaling, Antenna considerations-Applications of sensor networks  

UNIT II    ISSUES IN PERVASIVE SENSOR NETWORK

Single-Node Architecture - Hardware Components, constraints & challenges in resources-  Energy Consumption of Sensor Nodes, Operating Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks – Introduction - Operating System Design Issues - Examples of Operating Systems – TinyOS, Network Architecture -Sensor Network Scenarios, Optimization Goals and Figures of Merit, Gateway Concepts.  Data Dissemination-Flooding and Gossiping-Data gathering Sensor Network Scenarios –Optimization, Goals and Figures of Merit – Design Principles for WSNs- Gateway Concepts – Need for gateway

   

UNIT III     PERVASIVE NETWORKING & COMPUTING

Introduction, Networking Infrastructure and Architecture of PERV NET, Mobility management, service discovery, disconnected operation, Dynamic configuration, auto registration, content based routing, Backbone Technology: Electrical Backbone Networks – Optical Backbone Networks – Wireless Backbone Networks – Wireless Access Technology - Pervasive Web Application architecture- Access from PCs and PDAs - Access via WAP

  

UNIT IV    PERVASIVE DEVICES

Introduction with Case study of - PDA - Mobile Phone:Elements – Mobile Information Architecture - Mobile Phone Design - Android Overview – The Stack – Android User Interface – Preferences, the File System, the Options Menu and Intents.

  

UNIT V    EMERGING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 

Evolution and Deployment of Cellular Telephone Systems – 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G. Introduction to wireless LAN, Wireless PAN, Wireless MAN, Broadband Satellite and Microware Systems – Emerging Wireless Technologies – IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access.   

REFERENCES

1.Debashis saha, Amitava mukherjee ,”Networking Infrastructure for Pervasive Computing, Springer International edition, 2011 (unit 3) 

2. Mullet,”Introduction to wireless telecommunications systems and networks", cengage learning, 2010 (unit 5) 

3. Frank Adelstein, Sandeep K S Gupta, Golden G Richard III, Loren Schwiebert, “Fundamentals of mobile and pervasive computing, TMH, 2007. 

4. Brian Fling,”Mobile Design & Development,O’Reilly,2011 (unit 4) 

5. Marko Gargenta,”Learning Android”, O’Reilly,2011 (unit 4) 

6. Holger Karl & Andreas Willig, “Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor       Networks" , John Wiley, 2005. 

7.  Feng Zhao & Leonidas J. Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks- An Information        Processing Approach", Elsevier, 2007. 

8. Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli and  Taieb Znati, “ Wireless Sensor Networks Technology,   Protocols, and Applications“, John Wiley & Sons,  2007.’ 

9. C.Britton Rorabaugh,”Simulating Wireless Communication Systems-Practical Models in C++”,Pearson Edu,2006. 

10. Mohammad Ilyas And Imad Mahgaob,”Handbook Of Sensor Networks: Compact       Wireless And Wired Sensing Systems”, CRC Press,2005 

11. K. Akkaya and M. Younis, “A survey of routing protocols in wireless sensor networks”, Elsevier Ad Hoc Network Journal, Vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 325--349, 2005.   

12. Philip Levis, “ TinyOS Programming”,2006 – www.tinyos.net 13. Anna Ha´c, “Wireless Sensor Network Designs”, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2003. 

ET7008 ADVANCED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

ET7008     ADVANCED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

UNIT I        INTRODUCTION TO  EMBEDDED HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Terminology – Gates – Timing diagram – Memory – Microprocessor buses – Direct memory access – Interrupts – Built interrupts – Interrupts basis – Shared data problems – Interrupt latency - Embedded system evolution trends –  Interrupt routines in an RTOS environment .  

UNIT  II     SYSTEM MODELLING WITH HARDWARE/SOFTWARE PARTITIONING

Embedded systems, Hardware/Software Co-Design, Co-Design for System Specification and modelling- Single-processor Architectures&,Multi-ProcessorArchitectures, comparison of CoDesign Approaches, Models of Computation, Requirements for Embedded System Specification, Hardware/Software Partitioning Problem, Hardware/Software Cost Estimation, Generation of Partitioning by Graphical modelling, Formulation of the HW/SW scheduling,  Optimization.  

  

UNIT III     HARDWARE/SOFTWARE CO-SYNTHESIS

The Co-Synthesis Problem, State-Transition Graph, Refinement and Controller Generation, Distributed System Co-Synthesis.  

UNIT IV     MEMORY AND INTERFACING

 Memory: Memory write ability and storage performance – Memory types – composing memory – Advance RAM interfacing communication basic – Microprocessor interfacing I/O addressing – Interrupts – Direct memory access – Arbitration multilevel bus architecture – Serial protocol – Parallel protocols – Wireless protocols – Digital camera example.  

UNIT V     CONCURRENT PROCESS MODELS AND HARDWARE SOFTWARE CO-DESIGN     

Modes of operation – Finite state machines – Models – HCFSL and state charts language – state machine models – Concurrent process model – Concurrent process – Communication among process –Synchronization among process – Implementation – Data Flow model.  Design technology – Automation synthesis – Hardware software co-simulation – IP cores – Design Process Model. 

REFERENCES 

1. David. E. Simon, “An Embedded Software Primer”, Pearson Education, 2001. 

2. Tammy Noergaard, ”Embedded System Architecture, A comprehensive Guide for Engineers and Programmers”, Elsevier, 2006 

3. Raj Kamal, “Embedded Systems- Architecture, Programming and Design”  Tata       McGraw Hill, 2006. 

4. Frank Vahid and Tony Gwargie, “Embedded System Design”, John Wiley & sons, 2002. 

5. Steve Heath, “Embedded System Design”, Elsevier, Second Edition, 2004. 

6. Ralf Niemann, “Hardware/Software Co-Design for Data Flow Dominated Embedded Systems”, Kluwer Academic Pub, 1998. 

7. Jorgen Staunstrup, Wayne Wolf, “Harware/Software Co-Design:Principles and Practice”, Kluwer Academic Pub, 1997. 

8. Giovanni De Micheli, Rolf Ernst Morgon, “Reading in Hardware/Software Co-Design” Kaufmann Publishers, 2001.   

ET7007 RISC PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING

ET7007        RISC PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING  

UNIT I          AVR MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE

Architecture – memory organization – addressing modes – I/O Memory – EEPROM – I/O Ports –SRAM –Timer –UART – Interrupt Structure- Serial Communication with PC – ADC/DAC Interfacing. 

UNIT II         ARM ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING

Arcon RISC Machine – Architectural Inheritance – Core & Architectures -- The ARM Programmer’s model -Registers – Pipeline - Interrupts – ARM organization - ARM processor family – Co-processors. Instruction set – Thumb instruction set – Instruction cycle timings  

UNIT III       ARM APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

Introduction to DSP on ARM –FIR Filter – IIR Filter – Discrete Fourier transform – Exception Handling – Interrupts – Interrupt handling schemes- Firmware and bootloader – Example: Standalone - Embedded Operating Systems – Fundamental Components - Example Simple little Operating System 

UNIT IV        MEMORY PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

Protected Regions-Initializing MPU, Cache and Write Buffer-MPU to MMU-Virtual Memory-Page Tables-TLB-Domain and Memory Access Permission-Fast Context Switch Extension.  

UNIT V         DESIGN WITH ARM MICROCONTROLLERS

Assembler Rules and Directives- Simple ASM/C programs- Hamming Code- Division-Negation- Simple Loops –Look up table- Block copy- subroutines.   

REFERENCES 

1. Steve Furber, ‘ARM system on chip architecture’, Addision Wesley 

2. Andrew N. Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, John Rayfield ‘ARM System     Developer’s Guide Designing and Optimizing System Software’, Elsevier 2007. 

3. Trevor Martin, ‘The Insider's Guide To The Philips ARM7-Based Microcontrollers,     An Engineer's Introduction To The LPC2100 Series’ Hitex (UK) Ltd., 

4. Dananjay V. Gadre ‘Programming and Customizing the AVR microcontroller’,     McGraw Hill 2001 5. William Hohl, ‘ ARM Assebly Language’ Fundamentals and Techniques. 

5. ARM Architecture Reference Manual 

6. LPC213x User Manual 

7. R. Barnett  ,  L. O’ CULL and S. Cox  “ Embedded C Programming and Atmel AVR”, Delmar      Cengage Learning, India Edition , 2009.   

ARM Architecture Reference Manual (English) 1st Edition

CL7204 SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES

CL7204   SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES        

UNIT I   INTRODUCTION AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Introduction of soft computing - soft computing vs. hard computing- various types of soft computing techniques- applications of soft computing-Neuron- Nerve structure and synapse- Artificial Neuron and its model- activation functions- Neural network architecture- single layer and multilayer feed forward networks- McCullochPitts neuron model- perceptron model- Adaline and Madaline- multilayer perception model- back propogation learning methods- effect of learning rule coefficient -back propagation algorithm- factors affecting back propagation training- applications. 

UNIT II  ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Counter propagation network- architecture- functioning & characteristics of counter- Propagation network-Hopfield/ Recurrent network- configuration- stability constraints-associative memory- and characteristics- limitations and applications- Hopfield v/s Boltzman machine- Adaptive Resonance Theory- Architecture- classifications-Implementation and training-Associative Memory. 

UNIT III  FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEM

Introduction to crisp sets and fuzzy sets- basic fuzzy set operation and approximate reasoning. Introduction to fuzzy logic modeling and control- Fuzzification- inferencingand defuzzificationFuzzy knowledge and  rule bases-Fuzzy modeling and control schemes for nonlinear systems. Self organizing  fuzzy logic control- Fuzzy logic control for nonlinear time delay system. 

UNIT IV  GENETIC ALGORITHM

Basic concept of Genetic algorithm and detail algorithmic steps-adjustment of free Parameters- Solution of typical control problems using genetic  algorithm- Concept on some other search techniques like tabu search and ant colony search techniques for solving optimization problems.  

UNIT V         APPLICATIONS

GA application to power system optimization problem- Case studies: Identification and control of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems using Matlab-Neural Network toolbox.  Stability analysis of Neural Network  interconnection systems- Implementation of fuzzy logic controller using  Matlab fuzzy logic toolbox-Stability analysis of fuzzy control systems. 

  

REFERENCES 

1.. Laurene V. Fausett, Fundamentals of Neural Networks: Architectures, Algorithms And        Applications,  Pearson Education,

2.  Timothy J. Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications” Wiley India.

3.  Zimmermann H.J. "Fuzzy set theoryand its Applications" Springer international  edition,       2011. 

4.  David E.Goldberg, “Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning”,       Pearson Education, 2009. 

5.  W.T.Miller, R.S.Sutton and P.J.Webrose, “Neural Networks for Control”, MIT Press, 1996. 

Fuzzy Logic With Engineering Applications (English) 3rd Edition

ET7006 ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

ET7006     ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

UNIT I     INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Introduction, A Digital Signal-Processing System, The Sampling Process, Discrete Time Sequences, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Linear TimeInvariant Systems, Decimation and Interpolation, Digital Filters, FIR Filters, IIR Filters. 

UNIT II    WAVELET TRANSFORM 

Introduction to continuous wavelet transform- discrete wavelet transform -orthogonal wavelet decomposition- Multiresolution Analysis-Wavelet function-DWT,bases,orthogonal Basis-Scaling function, Wavelet coefficients- ortho normal wavelets and their relationship to filter banks- Digital filtering interpolation (i) Decomposition filters, (ii) reconstruction, the signal- Example MRA- Haar & Daubechies wavelet. 

UNIT III    ARCHITECTURES OF COMMERCIAL DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

Introduction, catogorisation of DSP Processors, Fixed Point (Blackfin),Floating Point (SHARC),TI TMS 320c6xxx & OMAP processors TMS320C54X & 54xx on Basic Architecture – comparison : of functional variations of Computational building blocks, MAC, Bus Architecture and memory, Data Addressing, Parallelism and pipelining, Parallel I/O interface,Memory Interface, Interrupt, DMA (one example Architecture in each of these case studies). 

UNIT IV   INTERFACING I/O PERIPHERALS FOR  DSP BASED APPLICATIONS

Introduction, External Bus Interfacing Signals, Memory Interface, Parallel I/O Interface, Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I / O Direct Memory Access (DMA).-Introduction, Design of Decimation and Interpolation Filter, FFT Algorithm, PID Controller ,Application for Serial Interfacing, DSP based Power Meter, Position control , CODEC Interface . 

UNIT V VLSI IMPLEMENTATION

Low power Design-need for Low power VLSI chips-Basics of DSP system architecture design using VHDL programming, Mapping of DSP algorithm onto hardware, Realisation  of MAC & Filter structure.  

   

REFERENCES: 

1. John G. Proaks, Dimitris G. Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing”, Pearson Education 2002. 

2. Avatar Sing, S. Srinivasan, “Digital Signal Processing- Implementation using DSP Microprocessors with Examples from TMS320C54xx”, Thomson India,2004. 

3. Lars Wanhammer, “DSP Integrated Circuits”, Academic press, 1999,NewYork. 

4. Lyla B Das,” Embedded Systems-An Integrated Approach”,Pearson2013 

5. Ashok Ambardar,”Digital Signal Processing: A Modern Introduction”,Thomson       India edition, 2007. 

6. Raghuveer M.Rao and Ajit S. Bapardikar, Wavelet transforms- Introduction to theory and applications, Pearson Education, 2000. 

7. K.P. Soman   and K.L. Ramchandran,Insight into WAVELETS from theory to practice,   Eastern Economy Edition, 2008 

8. Ifeachor E. C., Jervis B. W ,”Digital Signal Processing: A practical approach, PearsonEducation, PHI/  2002

 9. B Venkataramani and M Bhaskar  “Digital Signal Processors”, TMH, 2nd, 2010 

10. Peter Pirsch  “Architectures for Digital Signal Processing”, John Weily, 2007   

11. Vinay K.Ingle,John G.Proakis,”DSP-A Matlab Based Approach”,Cengage Learning,2010 12. Taan S.Elali,”Discrete Systems and Digital Signal Processing with Matlab”,CRC Press2009.

ET7005 ADHOC NETWORKS

ET7005      ADHOC NETWORKS  

UNIT I  WIRELESS LAN, PAN, WAN AND MAN

Characteristics of wireless channel, Fundamentals of WLANs, IEEE 802.11 standard, HIPERLAN Standard, First-, Second-, and third- generation cellular systems, WLL, Wireless ATM, IEEE 802.16 standard, HIPERACCESS, AdHoc Wireless Internet.

UNIT II  MAC, ROUTING AND MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS 

MAC Protocols: Design issues, goals and classification, Contention –based protocols with reservation and scheduling mechanisms, Protocols using directional antennas. Routing protocols: Design issues and classification, Table-driven, On-demand and Hybrid routing protocols, Routing protocols with efficient flooding mechanisms, Hierarchical and power-aware routing protocols. Multicast Routing Protocols: Design issues and operation, Architecture reference model, classification, Tree-based and Mesh-based protocols, Energy-efficient multicasting.    

UNIT III TRANSPORT LAYER AND SECURITY PROTOCOLS  

Transport layer Protocol: Design issues, goals and classification, TCP over AdHoc wireless Networks, Security, Security requirements, Issues and challenges in security provisioning, Network security attacks, Security routing. Quality of Service: Issues and challenges in providing QoS, Classification of QoS solutions, MAC layer solutions, Network layer solutions, QoS frameworks.

UNIT IV ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Need, classification of battery management schemes, Transmission power management schemes, System power management schemes. Wireless Sensor Networks: Architecture, Data dissemination, Date gathering, MAC protocols, location discovery, Quality of a sensor network.

UNIT V PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

ABR beaconing, Performance parameters, Route-discovery time, End-to-end delay performance, Communication throughput performance, Packet loss performance, Route reconfiguration/repair time, TCP/IP based applications.

REFERENCES 

1. C. Siva Ram Murthy and B.S. Manoj, AdHoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and protocols, Prentice Hall PTR, 2004 

2. C.-K.Toh, AdHoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols and Systems, Prentice Hall PTR, 2001 

3. Mohammad Ilyas, The Handbook of AdHoc Wireless Networks, CRC press, 2002 

4. Charles E. Perkins, AdHoc Networking, Addison – Wesley, 2000 

5. Stefano Basagni, Marco Conti, Silvia Giordano and Ivan Stojmenovic, Mobile AdHoc Networking, Wiley – IEEE press, 2004.   

ET7004 PROGRAMMING WITH VHDL

ET7004    PROGRAMMING WITH  VHDL    

UNIT I         VHDL FUNDAMENTALS

Fundamental concepts- Modeling digital system-Domain and levels of modeling-modeling languages-VHDL modeling concepts-Scalar Data types and operations- constants and VariableScalar Types- Type Classification-Attributes and scalar types-expression and operatorsSequential statements. 

UNIT II        DATA TYPES  AND BASIC MODELING CONSTRUCTS 

Arrays- unconstrained array types-array operations and referencing- records - Access Types- Abstract Date types- -basic modeling constructs-entity declarations-Architecture bodiesbehavioral description-structural descriptions- design Processing, case study: A pipelined Multiplier accumulator. 

UNIT III      SUBPROGRAMS , PACKAGES AND FILES 

Procedures-Procedure parameters- Concurrent  procedure call statements –Functions – Overloading –visibility of Declarations-packages and use clauses- Package declarationspackage bodies-use clauses-Predefined aliases-Aliases for Data objects-Aliases for Non-Data items-Files- I/O-Files. Case study: A bit vector arithmetic Package. 

UNIT IV     SIGNALS, COMPONENTS, CONFIGURATIONS. 

Basic Resolved Signals-IEEE std_Logic_1164 resolved subtypes- resolved Signal Parameters - Generic Constants- Parameterizing behavior- Parameterizing structure-components and configurations-Generate Statements-Generating Iterative structure-Conditionally generating structure-Configuration of generate statements-case study: DLX computer Systems.   

UNIT V       DESIGN WITH PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES

Realization of -Micro controller CPU.- Memories-  I/O devices-MAC-Design,synthesis,simulation and testing.    

           

REFERENCES 

1. Peter J.Ashenden, “The Designer’s guide to VHDL”, Morgan Kaufmann publishers,San Francisco,Second Edition, May 2001. 

2. Zainalabedin navabi, “VHDL Analysis ans modeling of Digital Systems”, McGraw Hill international Editions, Second Editions, 1998. 

3.  Charles H Roth, Jr. “Digital system Design using VHDL”, Thomson ,2006. 

4. Douglas Perry, “VHDL Programming by Example”, Tata McGraw Hill,4th     Edition 2002. 

5. Navabi.Z., “VHDL Analysis and Modeling of Digital Systems”, McGraw International, 1998. 

6. Peter J Ashendem, “The Designers Guide to VHDL”, Harcourt India Pvt Ltd, 2002 

7. Skahill. K, “VHDL for Programmable Logic”, Pearson education, 1996.   

ET7003 DESIGN OF EMBEDDED CONTROL SYSTEMS

ET7003   DESIGN OF EMBEDDED CONTROL SYSTEMS

   

UNIT I    EMBEDDED SYSTEM ORGANIZATION

Embedded computing – characteristics of embedded computing applications – embedded system design challenges;  Build process of Realtime Embedded system – Selection of processor; Memory; I/O devices-Rs-485, MODEM, Bus Communication system using  I2C, CAN, USB buses, 8 bit –ISA, EISA bus; 

UNIT II   REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM  

Introduction to RTOS; RTOS- Inter Process communication, Interrupt driven Input and Output Nonmaskable interrupt, Software interrupt; Thread – Single, Multithread concept; Multitasking Semaphores.  

UNIT III  INTERFACE WITH COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

Design methodologies and tools – design flows – designing hardware and software Interface  . – system integration; SPI, High speed data acquisition and interface-SPI read/write protocol, RTC interfacing and programming;  

UNIT IV         DESIGN OF SOFTWARE FOR EMBEDDED CONTROL

Software abstraction using Mealy-Moore FSM controller, Layered software development, Basic concepts of developing device driver – SCI – Software - interfacing & porting using standard C & C++ ; Functional and performance Debugging with benchmarking Real-time system software – Survey on basics of  contemporary  RTOS – VXWorks, UC/OS-II 

UNIT V         CASE STUDIES WITH EMBEDDED CONTROLLER

Programmable interface with A/D & D/A interface; Digital voltmeter, control- Robot system; - PWM motor speed controller, serial communication interface. 

REFERENCES: 

1. Steven F. Barrett, Daniel J. Pack, “Embedded Systems – Design and Applications with the 68HC 12 and HCS12”, Pearson Education, 2008. 

2. Raj Kamal, “Embedded Systems- Architecture, Programming and Design” Tata McGraw Hill, 2006. 

3. Micheal Khevi, “The M68HC11 Microcontroller application in control,Instrumentation & Communication”, PH NewJersy, 1997. 

4. Chattopadhyay, “Embedded System Design”,PHI Learning, 2011. 

5. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay, Danny Causey, “PIC Microcontroller and Embedded Systems- Using Assembly and C for PIC18”, Pearson Education,2008. 

6. Steven F.Barrett,Daniel J.Pack,”Embedded Systems-Design & Application with the 68HC12 & HCS12”, Pearson Education,2008. 

7. Daniel W. Lewis, “Fundamentals of Embedded Software”, Prentice Hall India, 2004. 

8. Jack R Smith “Programming the PIC microcontroller with MBasic” Elsevier, 2007.       Keneth J.Ayala, “The 8086 Microprocessor: Programming & Interfacing the PC”, Thomson       India edition,   

ET7016 PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCHITECTURE

ET7016     PARALLEL PROCESSING  ARCHITECTURE

UNIT I  THEORY OF PARALLELISM

Parallel Computer models – the state of computing, Multiprocessors and Multicomputers and Multivectors and SIMD computers, PRAM and VLSI models, Architectural development tracks, Program and network properties – Conditions of parallelism. 

UNIT II  PARTITIONING AND SCHEDULING

Program partitioning and scheduling, Program flow mechanisms, System interconnect architectures, Principles of scalable performance – performance matrices and measures, Parallel processing applications, speedup performance laws, scalability analysis and approaches. 

UNIT III HARDWARE TECHNOLGIES

Processor and memory hierarchy advanced processor technology, superscalar and vector processors, memory hierarchy technology, virtual memory technology, bus cache and shared 

UNIT IV PIPELINING AND SUPERSCALAR TECHNOLOGIES

Parallel and scalable architectures, Multiprocessor and Multicomputers, Multivector and SIMD computers, Scalable, Multithreaded and data flow architectures. 

UNIT V SOFTWARE AND PARALLEL PROCESSING 

 Parallel models, Languages and compilers, Parallel program development and environments, UNIX, MACH and OSF/1 for parallel computers. 

       

REFERENCES:  

1. Kai Hwang “Advanced Computer Architecture”. McGraw Hill International 2001. 

2. Dezso Sima, Terence Fountain, Peter Kacsuk, “Advanced computer Architecture – A design Space Approach”. Pearson Education,2003. 

3. Carl Homacher, Zvonko Vranesic, Sefwat Zaky, “Computer Organisation”, 5th Edition, TMH, 2002.  

4. David E. Culler, Jaswinder Pal Singh with Anoop Gupta “Parallel Computer Architecture” ,Elsevier, 2004. 

5. John P. Shen. “Modern processor design Fundamentals of super scalar processors”, Tata McGraw Hill 2003. 

6. Sajjan G. Shiva “Advanced Computer Architecture”, Taylor & Francis, 2008. 

7. V.Rajaraman, C.Siva Ram Murthy, “Parallel Computers- Architecture and Programming”, Prentice Hall India, 2008. 

8. John L. Hennessy, David A. Petterson, “Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach”, 4th Edition, Elsevier, 2007. 

9. Harry F. Jordan Gita Alaghaband, “Fundamentals of Parallel Processing”. Pearson Education, 2003. 10. Richard Y. Kain, “Advanced computer architecture – A system Design Approach”, PHI,