AP9224 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

AP9224 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

UNIT I EMBEDDED PROCESSORS

Embedded Computers, Characteristics of Embedded Computing Applications,
Challenges in Embedded Computing system design, Embedded system design processRequirements, Specification, Architectural Design, Designing Hardware and Software
Components, System Integration, Formalism for System Design- Structural Description,
Behavioural Description, Design Example: Model Train Controller, ARM processorprocessor and memory organization.

UNIT II EMBEDDED PROCESSOR AND COMPUTING PLATFORM

Data operations, Flow of Control, SHARC processor- Memory organization, Data
operations, Flow of Control, parallelism with instructions, CPU Bus configuration, ARM
Bus, SHARC Bus, Memory devices, Input/output devices, Component interfacing,
designing with microprocessor development and debugging, Design Example : Alarm
Clock. Hybrid Architecture

UNIT III NETWORKS

Distributed Embedded Architecture- Hardware and Software Architectures, Networks for
embedded systems- I2C, CAN Bus, SHARC link supports, Ethernet, Myrinet, Internet,
Network-Based design- Communication Analysis, system performance Analysis,
Hardware platform design, Allocation and scheduling, Design Example: Elevator
Controller.

UNIT IV REAL-TIME CHARACTERISTICS

Clock driven Approach, weighted round robin Approach, Priority driven Approach,
Dynamic Versus Static systems, effective release times and deadlines, Optimality of the
Earliest deadline first (EDF) algorithm, challenges in validating timing constraints in
priority driven systems, Off-line Versus On-line scheduling.

UNIT V SYSTEM DESIGN TECHNIQUES

Design Methodologies, Requirement Analysis, Specification, System Analysis and
Architecture Design, Quality Assurance, Design Example: Telephone PBX- System
Architecture, Ink jet printer- Hardware Design and Software Design, Personal Digital
Assistants, Set-top Boxes.

REFERENCES:

1. Wayne Wolf, “Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computing
System Design”, Morgan Kaufman Publishers.
2. Jane.W.S. Liu, “Real-Time systems”, Pearson Education Asia.
3. C. M. Krishna and K. G. Shin, “Real-Time Systems” , McGraw-Hill, 1997
4. Frank Vahid and Tony Givargis, “Embedded System Design: A Unified
Hardware/Software Introduction” , John Wiley & Sons.

CP9212 HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTER NETWORKS

CP9212 HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTER NETWORKS

UNIT I INTRODUCTION

Review of OSI, TCP/IP; Multiplexing, Modes of Communication, Switching, Routing.
SONET – DWDM – DSL – ISDN – BISDN,ATM.

UNIT II MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING APPLICATIONS

Streaming stored Audio and Video – Best effort service – protocols for real time
interactive applications – Beyond best effort – scheduling and policing mechanism –
integrated services – RSVP- differentiated services.

UNIT III ADVANCED NETWORKS CONCEPTS

VPN-Remote-Access VPN, site-to-site VPN, Tunneling to PPP, Security in VPN.MPLSoperation, Routing, Tunneling and use of FEC, Traffic Engineering, MPLS based VPN,
overlay networks-P2P connections.

UNIT IV TRAFFIC MODELLING

Little’s theorem, Need for modeling , Poisson modeling and its failure, Non- poisson
models, Network performance evaluation.

UNIT V NETWORK SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT

Principles of cryptography – Authentication – integrity – key distribution and certification
– Access control and: fire walls – attacks and counter measures – security in many
layers. Infrastructure for network management – The internet standard management
framework – SMI, MIB, SNMP, Security and administration – ASN.1

REFERENCES:

1. J.F. Kurose & K.W. Ross,”Computer Networking- A top down approach featuring the
internet”, Pearson, 2nd edition, 2003.
2. Walrand .J. Varatya, High performance communication network, Morgan Kauffman –
Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd. 2nd Edition, 2000.
3. LEOM-GarCIA, WIDJAJA, “Communication networks”, TMH seventh reprint 2002.
4. Aunurag kumar, D. MAnjunath, Joy kuri, “Communication Networking”, Morgan
Kaufmann Publishers, 1ed 2004.
5. Hersent Gurle & petit, “IP Telephony, packet Pored Multimedia communication
Systems”, Pearson education 2003.
6. Fred Halsall and Lingana Gouda Kulkarni,”Computer Networking and the Internet”
fifth edition, Pearson education
7. Nader F.Mir ,Computer and Communication Networks, first edition.
8. Larry l.Peterson&Bruce S.David, “Computer Networks: A System Approach”- 1996

AP9256 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY IN SYSTEM DESIGN

AP9256 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY IN SYSTEM DESIGN

UNIT I EMI/EMC CONCEPTS

EMI-EMC definitions and Units of parameters; Sources and victim of EMI; Conducted
and Radiated EMI Emission and Susceptibility; Transient EMI, ESD; Radiation Hazards.
UNIT II EMI COUPLING PRINCIPLES

Conducted, radiated and transient coupling; Common ground impedance coupling ;
Common mode and ground loop coupling ; Differential mode coupling ; Near field cable
to cable coupling, cross talk ; Field to cable coupling ; Power mains and Power supply
coupling.

UNIT III EMI CONTROL TECHNIQUES

Shielding, Filtering, Grounding, Bonding, Isolation transformer, Transient suppressors,
Cable routing, Signal control.

UNIT IV EMC DESIGN OF PCBS

Component selection and mounting; PCB trace impedance; Routing; Cross talk control;
Power distribution decoupling; Zoning; Grounding; VIAs connection; Terminations.
UNIT V EMI MEASUREMENTS AND STANDARDS

Open area test site; TEM cell; EMI test shielded chamber and shielded ferrite lined
anechoic chamber; Tx /Rx Antennas, Sensors, Injectors / Couplers, and coupling
factors; EMI Rx and spectrum analyzer; Civilian standards-CISPR, FCC, IEC, EN;
Military standards-MIL461E/462.


REFERENCES:

1. V.P.Kodali, “Engineering EMC Principles, Measurements and Technologies”, IEEE
Press, Newyork, 1996.
2. Henry W.Ott.,”Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems”, A Wiley Inter
Science Publications, John Wiley and Sons, Newyork, 1988.
3. Bemhard Keiser, “Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility”, 3rd Ed, Artech house,
Norwood, 1986.
4. C.R.Paul,”Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility” , John Wiley and Sons, Inc,
1992.
5. Don R.J.White Consultant Incorporate, “Handbook of EMI/EMC” , Vol I-V, 1988.

CU9255 INTERNETWORKING MULTIMEDIA

CU9255 INTERNETWORKING MULTIMEDIA

UNIT I INTRODUCTION

Digital sound, video and graphics, basic multimedia networking, multimedia
characteristics, evolution of Internet services model, network requirements for
audio/video transform, multimedia coding and compression for text, image, audio and
video. Multimedia communication in wireless network.18

UNIT II SUBNETWORK TECHNOLOGY

Broadband services, ATM and IP , IPV6, High speed switching, resource reservation,
Buffer management, traffic shaping, caching, scheduling and policing, throughput, delay
and jitter performance.

UNIT III MULTICAST AND TRANSPORT PROTOCOL

Multicast over shared media network, multicast routing and addressing, scaping
multicast and NBMA networks, Reliable transport protocols, TCP adaptation algorithm,
RTP, RTCP.

UNIT IV MEDIA - ON – DEMAND

Storage and media servers, voice and video over IP, MPEG-2 over ATM/IP, indexing
synchronization of requests, recording and remote control.

UNIT V APPLICATIONS

MIME, Peer-to-peer computing, shared application, video conferencing, centralized and
distributed conference control, distributed virtual reality, light weight session philosophy.

REFERENCES:
1. Jon Crowcroft, Mark Handley, Ian Wakeman. “Internetworking Multimedia”,
Harcourt Asia Pvt.Ltd.Singapore, 1998.
2. B.O. Szuprowicz, “Multimedia Networking”, McGraw Hill, NewYork. 1995
3. Tay Vaughan,Multimedia making it to work, 4ed,Tata McGrawHill,
NewDelhi,2000.
4. Ellen kayata wesel, Ellen Khayata, “Wireless Multimedia Communication: Networking
Video, Voice and Data”, Addison Wesley Longman Publication, USA, 1998.

AP9251 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

AP9251 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING 

UNIT I DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS

Elements of digital image processing systems, Vidicon and Digital Camera working principles, Elements of visual perception, brightness, contrast, hue, saturation, Mach Band effect, Image sampling, Quantization, Dither, Two dimensional mathematical preliminaries.

UNIT II IMAGE TRANSFORMS

1D DFT, 2D transforms - DFT, DCT, Discrete Sine, Walsh, Hadamard, Slant, Haar, KLT, SVD, Wavelet transform.

UNIT III IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND RESTORATION

Histogram modification, Noise distributions, Spatial averaging, Directional Smoothing, Median, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, Contraharmonic and Yp mean filters . Design of 2D FIR filters. Image restoration - degradation model, Unconstrained and Constrained restoration, Inverse filtering-removal of blur caused by uniform linear motion, Wiener filtering, Geometric transformations-spatial transformations, Gray Level interpolation. .

UNIT IV IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND RECOGNITION

Image segmentation - Edge detection, Edge linking and boundary detection, Region growing, Region splitting and Merging, Image Recognition - Patterns and pattern classes, Matching by minimum distance classifier, Matching by correlation., Neural networks-Backpropagation network and training, Neural network to recognize shapes.

UNIT V IMAGE COMPRESSION

Need for data compression, Huffman, Run Length Encoding, Shift codes, Arithmetic coding, Vector Quantization, Block Truncation Coding, Transform coding, JPEG standard, JPEG 2000, EZW, SPIHT, MPEG. 

REFERENCES:

1. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, “ Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education, Inc., Second Edition, 2004

2. Anil K. Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, Prentice Hall of India, 2002.

3. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Steven Eddins,” Digital Image Processing using MATLAB”, Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.

4. D.E. Dudgeon and R.M. Mersereau, “Multidimensional Digital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference, 1990.

5. William K. Pratt, “ Digital Image Processing”, John Wiley, New York, 2002. 

6. Milan Sonka et al, “Image Processing, Analysis and Machine Vision”, Brookes/Cole, Vikas Publishing House, 2nd edition, 1999;

7. Sid Ahmed, M.A., “ Image Processing Theory, Algorithms and Architectures”, McGrawHill, 1995.

AP9213 ADVANCED MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

AP9213 ADVANCED MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

UNIT I MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE

Instruction Set – Data formats –Addressing modes – Memory hierarchy –register file – Cache – Virtual memory and paging – Segmentation- pipelining –the instruction pipeline – pipeline hazards – instruction level parallelism – reduced instruction set –Computer principles – RISC versus CISC.

UNIT II HIGH PERFORMANCE CISC ARCHITECTURE – PENTIUM

CPU Architecture- Bus Operations – Pipelining – Brach predication – floating point unit- Operating Modes –Paging – Multitasking – Exception and Interrupts – Instruction set – addressing modes – Programming the Pentium processor. 

UNIT III HIGH PERFORMANCE RISC ARCHITECTURE – ARM

Organization of CPU – Bus architecture –Memory management unit - ARM instruction set- Thumb Instruction set- addressing modes – Programming the ARM processor.

UNIT IV MOTOROLA 68HC11 MICROCONTROLLERS

Instruction set addressing modes – operating modes- Interrupsystem- RTC-Serial Communication Interface – A/D Converter PWM and UART.

UNIT V PIC MICROCONTROLLER

CPU Architecture – Instruction set – interrupts- Timers- I2C Interfacing –UART- A/D Converter –PWM and introduction to C-Compilers.

REFERENCES:
1. Daniel Tabak , ‘’ Advanced Microprocessors” McGraw Hill.Inc., 1995
2. James L. Antonakos , “ The Pentium Microprocessor ‘’ Pearson Education , 1997.
3. Steve Furber , ‘’ ARM System –On –Chip architecture “Addision Wesley , 2000.
4. Gene .H.Miller .” Micro Computer Engineering ,” Pearson Education , 2003.
5. John .B.Peatman , “ Design with PIC Microcontroller , Prentice hall, 1997.
6. James L.Antonakos ,” An Introduction to the Intel family of Microprocessors ‘’
Pearson Education 1999.
7. Barry.B.Breg,” The Intel Microprocessors Architecture , Programming and
Interfacing “ , PHI,2002.
8. Valvano "Embedded Microcomputer Systems" Thomson Asia PVT LTD first reprint

CU9254 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION RECEIVERS

CU9254 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION RECEIVERS

UNIT I REVIEW OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

Base band and band pass communication; signal space representation, linear and
nonlinear modulation techniques, and Spectral characteristics of digital modulation

UNIT II OPTIMUM RECEIVERS FOR AWGN CHANNEL

Correlation demodulator, matched filter , maximum likelihood sequence detector,
optimum receiver for CPM signals, M-ary orthogonal signals, envelope detectors for
M-ary and correlated binary signals

UNIT III RECEIVERS FOR FADING CHANNELS

Characterization of fading multiple channels, statistical models, slow fading, frequency
selective fading,, diversity technique, RAKE demodulator, coded waveform for fading
channel

UNIT IV SYNCHRONIZATION TECHNIQUES

Carrier and signal synchronization, carrier phase estimation-PLL, Decision directed
loops, symbol timing estimation, maximum likelihood and non-decision directed timing
estimation, joint estimation

UNIT V ADAPTIVE EQUALIZATION

Zero forcing algorithm, LMS algorithm, adaptive decision-feedback equalizer and
Equalization of Trellis-coded signals. Kalman algorithm, blind equalizers and stochastic
gradient algorithm.


REFERENCES:

1. Heinrich Meyer, Mare Moeneclacy, Stefan.A.Fechtel, " Digital communication
receivers ",Vol I & Vol II, John Wiley, New York, 1997.
2. John.G.Proakis, “Digital communication “4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001.
3. E.A.Lee and D.G. Messerschmitt, “Digital communication ", 2nd Edition, Allied
Publishers, New Delhi, 1994.
4. Simon Marvin, “Digital communication over fading channel; An unified approach to
performance Analysis ", John Wiley, New York, 2000.