AP9224 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

AP9224 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

UNIT I EMBEDDED PROCESSORS

Embedded Computers, Characteristics of Embedded Computing Applications,
Challenges in Embedded Computing system design, Embedded system design processRequirements, Specification, Architectural Design, Designing Hardware and Software
Components, System Integration, Formalism for System Design- Structural Description,
Behavioural Description, Design Example: Model Train Controller, ARM processorprocessor and memory organization.

UNIT II EMBEDDED PROCESSOR AND COMPUTING PLATFORM

Data operations, Flow of Control, SHARC processor- Memory organization, Data
operations, Flow of Control, parallelism with instructions, CPU Bus configuration, ARM
Bus, SHARC Bus, Memory devices, Input/output devices, Component interfacing,
designing with microprocessor development and debugging, Design Example : Alarm
Clock. Hybrid Architecture

UNIT III NETWORKS

Distributed Embedded Architecture- Hardware and Software Architectures, Networks for
embedded systems- I2C, CAN Bus, SHARC link supports, Ethernet, Myrinet, Internet,
Network-Based design- Communication Analysis, system performance Analysis,
Hardware platform design, Allocation and scheduling, Design Example: Elevator
Controller.

UNIT IV REAL-TIME CHARACTERISTICS

Clock driven Approach, weighted round robin Approach, Priority driven Approach,
Dynamic Versus Static systems, effective release times and deadlines, Optimality of the
Earliest deadline first (EDF) algorithm, challenges in validating timing constraints in
priority driven systems, Off-line Versus On-line scheduling.

UNIT V SYSTEM DESIGN TECHNIQUES

Design Methodologies, Requirement Analysis, Specification, System Analysis and
Architecture Design, Quality Assurance, Design Example: Telephone PBX- System
Architecture, Ink jet printer- Hardware Design and Software Design, Personal Digital
Assistants, Set-top Boxes.

REFERENCES:

1. Wayne Wolf, “Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computing
System Design”, Morgan Kaufman Publishers.
2. Jane.W.S. Liu, “Real-Time systems”, Pearson Education Asia.
3. C. M. Krishna and K. G. Shin, “Real-Time Systems” , McGraw-Hill, 1997
4. Frank Vahid and Tony Givargis, “Embedded System Design: A Unified
Hardware/Software Introduction” , John Wiley & Sons.

CP9212 HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTER NETWORKS

CP9212 HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTER NETWORKS

UNIT I INTRODUCTION

Review of OSI, TCP/IP; Multiplexing, Modes of Communication, Switching, Routing.
SONET – DWDM – DSL – ISDN – BISDN,ATM.

UNIT II MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING APPLICATIONS

Streaming stored Audio and Video – Best effort service – protocols for real time
interactive applications – Beyond best effort – scheduling and policing mechanism –
integrated services – RSVP- differentiated services.

UNIT III ADVANCED NETWORKS CONCEPTS

VPN-Remote-Access VPN, site-to-site VPN, Tunneling to PPP, Security in VPN.MPLSoperation, Routing, Tunneling and use of FEC, Traffic Engineering, MPLS based VPN,
overlay networks-P2P connections.

UNIT IV TRAFFIC MODELLING

Little’s theorem, Need for modeling , Poisson modeling and its failure, Non- poisson
models, Network performance evaluation.

UNIT V NETWORK SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT

Principles of cryptography – Authentication – integrity – key distribution and certification
– Access control and: fire walls – attacks and counter measures – security in many
layers. Infrastructure for network management – The internet standard management
framework – SMI, MIB, SNMP, Security and administration – ASN.1

REFERENCES:

1. J.F. Kurose & K.W. Ross,”Computer Networking- A top down approach featuring the
internet”, Pearson, 2nd edition, 2003.
2. Walrand .J. Varatya, High performance communication network, Morgan Kauffman –
Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd. 2nd Edition, 2000.
3. LEOM-GarCIA, WIDJAJA, “Communication networks”, TMH seventh reprint 2002.
4. Aunurag kumar, D. MAnjunath, Joy kuri, “Communication Networking”, Morgan
Kaufmann Publishers, 1ed 2004.
5. Hersent Gurle & petit, “IP Telephony, packet Pored Multimedia communication
Systems”, Pearson education 2003.
6. Fred Halsall and Lingana Gouda Kulkarni,”Computer Networking and the Internet”
fifth edition, Pearson education
7. Nader F.Mir ,Computer and Communication Networks, first edition.
8. Larry l.Peterson&Bruce S.David, “Computer Networks: A System Approach”- 1996

AP9256 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY IN SYSTEM DESIGN

AP9256 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY IN SYSTEM DESIGN

UNIT I EMI/EMC CONCEPTS

EMI-EMC definitions and Units of parameters; Sources and victim of EMI; Conducted
and Radiated EMI Emission and Susceptibility; Transient EMI, ESD; Radiation Hazards.
UNIT II EMI COUPLING PRINCIPLES

Conducted, radiated and transient coupling; Common ground impedance coupling ;
Common mode and ground loop coupling ; Differential mode coupling ; Near field cable
to cable coupling, cross talk ; Field to cable coupling ; Power mains and Power supply
coupling.

UNIT III EMI CONTROL TECHNIQUES

Shielding, Filtering, Grounding, Bonding, Isolation transformer, Transient suppressors,
Cable routing, Signal control.

UNIT IV EMC DESIGN OF PCBS

Component selection and mounting; PCB trace impedance; Routing; Cross talk control;
Power distribution decoupling; Zoning; Grounding; VIAs connection; Terminations.
UNIT V EMI MEASUREMENTS AND STANDARDS

Open area test site; TEM cell; EMI test shielded chamber and shielded ferrite lined
anechoic chamber; Tx /Rx Antennas, Sensors, Injectors / Couplers, and coupling
factors; EMI Rx and spectrum analyzer; Civilian standards-CISPR, FCC, IEC, EN;
Military standards-MIL461E/462.


REFERENCES:

1. V.P.Kodali, “Engineering EMC Principles, Measurements and Technologies”, IEEE
Press, Newyork, 1996.
2. Henry W.Ott.,”Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems”, A Wiley Inter
Science Publications, John Wiley and Sons, Newyork, 1988.
3. Bemhard Keiser, “Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility”, 3rd Ed, Artech house,
Norwood, 1986.
4. C.R.Paul,”Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility” , John Wiley and Sons, Inc,
1992.
5. Don R.J.White Consultant Incorporate, “Handbook of EMI/EMC” , Vol I-V, 1988.

CU9255 INTERNETWORKING MULTIMEDIA

CU9255 INTERNETWORKING MULTIMEDIA

UNIT I INTRODUCTION

Digital sound, video and graphics, basic multimedia networking, multimedia
characteristics, evolution of Internet services model, network requirements for
audio/video transform, multimedia coding and compression for text, image, audio and
video. Multimedia communication in wireless network.18

UNIT II SUBNETWORK TECHNOLOGY

Broadband services, ATM and IP , IPV6, High speed switching, resource reservation,
Buffer management, traffic shaping, caching, scheduling and policing, throughput, delay
and jitter performance.

UNIT III MULTICAST AND TRANSPORT PROTOCOL

Multicast over shared media network, multicast routing and addressing, scaping
multicast and NBMA networks, Reliable transport protocols, TCP adaptation algorithm,
RTP, RTCP.

UNIT IV MEDIA - ON – DEMAND

Storage and media servers, voice and video over IP, MPEG-2 over ATM/IP, indexing
synchronization of requests, recording and remote control.

UNIT V APPLICATIONS

MIME, Peer-to-peer computing, shared application, video conferencing, centralized and
distributed conference control, distributed virtual reality, light weight session philosophy.

REFERENCES:
1. Jon Crowcroft, Mark Handley, Ian Wakeman. “Internetworking Multimedia”,
Harcourt Asia Pvt.Ltd.Singapore, 1998.
2. B.O. Szuprowicz, “Multimedia Networking”, McGraw Hill, NewYork. 1995
3. Tay Vaughan,Multimedia making it to work, 4ed,Tata McGrawHill,
NewDelhi,2000.
4. Ellen kayata wesel, Ellen Khayata, “Wireless Multimedia Communication: Networking
Video, Voice and Data”, Addison Wesley Longman Publication, USA, 1998.

AP9251 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

AP9251 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING 

UNIT I DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS

Elements of digital image processing systems, Vidicon and Digital Camera working principles, Elements of visual perception, brightness, contrast, hue, saturation, Mach Band effect, Image sampling, Quantization, Dither, Two dimensional mathematical preliminaries.

UNIT II IMAGE TRANSFORMS

1D DFT, 2D transforms - DFT, DCT, Discrete Sine, Walsh, Hadamard, Slant, Haar, KLT, SVD, Wavelet transform.

UNIT III IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND RESTORATION

Histogram modification, Noise distributions, Spatial averaging, Directional Smoothing, Median, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, Contraharmonic and Yp mean filters . Design of 2D FIR filters. Image restoration - degradation model, Unconstrained and Constrained restoration, Inverse filtering-removal of blur caused by uniform linear motion, Wiener filtering, Geometric transformations-spatial transformations, Gray Level interpolation. .

UNIT IV IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND RECOGNITION

Image segmentation - Edge detection, Edge linking and boundary detection, Region growing, Region splitting and Merging, Image Recognition - Patterns and pattern classes, Matching by minimum distance classifier, Matching by correlation., Neural networks-Backpropagation network and training, Neural network to recognize shapes.

UNIT V IMAGE COMPRESSION

Need for data compression, Huffman, Run Length Encoding, Shift codes, Arithmetic coding, Vector Quantization, Block Truncation Coding, Transform coding, JPEG standard, JPEG 2000, EZW, SPIHT, MPEG. 

REFERENCES:

1. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, “ Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education, Inc., Second Edition, 2004

2. Anil K. Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, Prentice Hall of India, 2002.

3. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Steven Eddins,” Digital Image Processing using MATLAB”, Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.

4. D.E. Dudgeon and R.M. Mersereau, “Multidimensional Digital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference, 1990.

5. William K. Pratt, “ Digital Image Processing”, John Wiley, New York, 2002. 

6. Milan Sonka et al, “Image Processing, Analysis and Machine Vision”, Brookes/Cole, Vikas Publishing House, 2nd edition, 1999;

7. Sid Ahmed, M.A., “ Image Processing Theory, Algorithms and Architectures”, McGrawHill, 1995.

AP9213 ADVANCED MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

AP9213 ADVANCED MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

UNIT I MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE

Instruction Set – Data formats –Addressing modes – Memory hierarchy –register file – Cache – Virtual memory and paging – Segmentation- pipelining –the instruction pipeline – pipeline hazards – instruction level parallelism – reduced instruction set –Computer principles – RISC versus CISC.

UNIT II HIGH PERFORMANCE CISC ARCHITECTURE – PENTIUM

CPU Architecture- Bus Operations – Pipelining – Brach predication – floating point unit- Operating Modes –Paging – Multitasking – Exception and Interrupts – Instruction set – addressing modes – Programming the Pentium processor. 

UNIT III HIGH PERFORMANCE RISC ARCHITECTURE – ARM

Organization of CPU – Bus architecture –Memory management unit - ARM instruction set- Thumb Instruction set- addressing modes – Programming the ARM processor.

UNIT IV MOTOROLA 68HC11 MICROCONTROLLERS

Instruction set addressing modes – operating modes- Interrupsystem- RTC-Serial Communication Interface – A/D Converter PWM and UART.

UNIT V PIC MICROCONTROLLER

CPU Architecture – Instruction set – interrupts- Timers- I2C Interfacing –UART- A/D Converter –PWM and introduction to C-Compilers.

REFERENCES:
1. Daniel Tabak , ‘’ Advanced Microprocessors” McGraw Hill.Inc., 1995
2. James L. Antonakos , “ The Pentium Microprocessor ‘’ Pearson Education , 1997.
3. Steve Furber , ‘’ ARM System –On –Chip architecture “Addision Wesley , 2000.
4. Gene .H.Miller .” Micro Computer Engineering ,” Pearson Education , 2003.
5. John .B.Peatman , “ Design with PIC Microcontroller , Prentice hall, 1997.
6. James L.Antonakos ,” An Introduction to the Intel family of Microprocessors ‘’
Pearson Education 1999.
7. Barry.B.Breg,” The Intel Microprocessors Architecture , Programming and
Interfacing “ , PHI,2002.
8. Valvano "Embedded Microcomputer Systems" Thomson Asia PVT LTD first reprint

CU9254 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION RECEIVERS

CU9254 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION RECEIVERS

UNIT I REVIEW OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

Base band and band pass communication; signal space representation, linear and
nonlinear modulation techniques, and Spectral characteristics of digital modulation

UNIT II OPTIMUM RECEIVERS FOR AWGN CHANNEL

Correlation demodulator, matched filter , maximum likelihood sequence detector,
optimum receiver for CPM signals, M-ary orthogonal signals, envelope detectors for
M-ary and correlated binary signals

UNIT III RECEIVERS FOR FADING CHANNELS

Characterization of fading multiple channels, statistical models, slow fading, frequency
selective fading,, diversity technique, RAKE demodulator, coded waveform for fading
channel

UNIT IV SYNCHRONIZATION TECHNIQUES

Carrier and signal synchronization, carrier phase estimation-PLL, Decision directed
loops, symbol timing estimation, maximum likelihood and non-decision directed timing
estimation, joint estimation

UNIT V ADAPTIVE EQUALIZATION

Zero forcing algorithm, LMS algorithm, adaptive decision-feedback equalizer and
Equalization of Trellis-coded signals. Kalman algorithm, blind equalizers and stochastic
gradient algorithm.


REFERENCES:

1. Heinrich Meyer, Mare Moeneclacy, Stefan.A.Fechtel, " Digital communication
receivers ",Vol I & Vol II, John Wiley, New York, 1997.
2. John.G.Proakis, “Digital communication “4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001.
3. E.A.Lee and D.G. Messerschmitt, “Digital communication ", 2nd Edition, Allied
Publishers, New Delhi, 1994.
4. Simon Marvin, “Digital communication over fading channel; An unified approach to
performance Analysis ", John Wiley, New York, 2000.

CP9254 SOFT COMPUTING

CP9254 SOFT COMPUTING

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO SOFT COMPUTING AND NEURAL
NETWORKS

Evolution of Computing - Soft Computing Constituents – From Conventional AI to
Computational Intelligence - Machine Learning Basics

UNIT II GENETIC ALGORITHMS

Introduction to Genetic Algorithms (GA) – Applications of GA in Machine Learning -
Machine Learning Approach to Knowledge Acquisition.

UNIT III NEURAL NETWORKS

Machine Learning Using Neural Network, Adaptive Networks – Feed forward Networks –
Supervised Learning Neural Networks – Radial Basis Function Networks -
Reinforcement Learning – Unsupervised Learning Neural Networks – Adaptive
Resonance architectures – Advances in Neural networks.

UNIT IV FUZZY LOGIC

Fuzzy Sets – Operations on Fuzzy Sets – Fuzzy Relations – Membership Functions-
Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning – Fuzzy Inference Systems – Fuzzy Expert Systems
– Fuzzy Decision Making.
UNIT V NEURO-FUZZY MODELING

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems – Coactive Neuro-Fuzzy Modeling –
Classification and Regression Trees – Data Clustering Algorithms – Rulebase Structure
Identification – Neuro-Fuzzy Control – Case studies.


TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jyh-Shing Roger Jang, Chuen-Tsai Sun, Eiji Mizutani, “Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft
Computing”, Prentice-Hall of India, 2003.
2. George J. Klir and Bo Yuan, “Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic-Theory and
Applications”,Prentice Hall, 1995.
3. James A. Freeman and David M. Skapura, “Neural Networks Algorithms,
Applications, and Programming Techniques”, Pearson Edn., 2003.

REFERENCES:
1. Mitchell Melanie, “An Introduction to Genetic Algorithm”, Prentice Hall, 1998.
2. David E. Goldberg, “Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine
Learning”, Addison Wesley, 1997.
3. S. N. Sivanandam, S. Sumathi and S. N. Deepa, “Introduction to Fuzzy Logic using
MATLAB”, Springer, 2007.
4. S.N.Sivanandam · S.N.Deepa, “ Introduction to Genetic Algorithms”, Springer, 2007.
5. Jacek M. Zurada, “Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems”, PWS Publishers, 1992.

CU9257 COMMUNICATION NETWORK SECURITY

CU9257 COMMUNICATION NETWORK SECURITY

UNIT I INTRODUCTION ON SECURITY

Security Goals, Types of Attacks: Passive attack, active attack, attacks on
confidentiality, attacks on Integrity and availability. Security services and mechanisms,
Techniques : Cryptography, Steganography , Revision on Mathematics for
Cryptography.

UNIT II SYMMETRIC & ASYMMETRIC KEY ALGORITHMS

Substitutional Ciphers, Transposition Ciphers, Stream and Block Ciphers, Data
Encryption Standards (DES), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), RC4, principle of
asymmetric key algorithms, RSA Cryptosystem

UNIT III INTEGRITY, AUTHENTICATION AND KEY MANAGEMENT

Message Integrity, Hash functions : SHA, Digital signatures : Digital signature standards.
Authentication : Entity Authentication: Biometrics, Key management Techniques.
UNIT IV NETWORK SECURITY , FIREWALLS AND WEB SECURITY

Introduction on Firewalls, Types of Firewalls, Firewall Configuration and Limitation of
Firewall. IP Security Overview, IP security Architecture, authentication Header, Security
payload, security associations, Key Management. Web security requirement, secure
sockets layer, transport layer security, secure electronic transaction, dual signature

UNIT V WIRELESS NETWORK SECURITY

Security Attack issues specific to Wireless systems: Worm hole, Tunneling, DoS. WEP
for Wi-Fi network, Security for 4G networks: Secure Ad hoc Network, Secure Sensor
Network

REFERENCES:
1. Behrouz A. Fourcuzan ,” Cryptography and Network security” Tata McGraw- Hill,
2008
2. William Stallings,"Cryptography and Network security: principles and practice",2ndEdition,Prentice Hall of India,New Delhi,2002
3. Atul Kahate ,” Cryptography and Network security”, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008
4. R.K.Nichols and P.C. Lekkas ,” Wireless Security”
5. H. Yang et al., Security in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Challenges and Solution, IEEE Wireless Communications, Feb. 2004.
6. Securing Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Network Magazine, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 24-30, December 1999.
7. "Security of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks," http://www.cs.umd.edu/~aram/wireless/survey.pdf.
8. David Boel et.al (Jan 2008 ) “Securing Wireless Sensor Networks –
Security Architecture “ Journal of networks , Vol.3. No. 1. pp. 65 -76.
9. Perrig, A., Stankovic, J., Wagner, D. (2004), “Security in Wireless Sensor
Networks”, Communications of the ACM, 47(6), 53-57.

CU9253 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS

CU9253 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS

UNIT I

History of GPS – BC-4 System – HIRAN – NNSS – NAVSTAR GLONASS and GNSS
Systems – GPS Constellation – Space Segment – Control Segment – User Segment –
Single and Dual Frequency – Point – Relative – Differential GPS – Static and Kinematic
Positioning – 2D and 3D – reporting Anti Spoofing (AS); Selective Availability (SA) –
DOP Factors.

UNIT II

Coordinate Systems – Geo Centric Coordinate System – Conventional Terrestrial
Reference System – Orbit Description – Keplerian Orbit – Kepler Elements – Satellite
Visibility – Topocentric Motion – Disturbed Satellite Motion – Perturbed Motion –
Disturbing Accelerations - Perturbed Orbit – Time Systems – Astronomical Time System
– Atomic Time – GPS Time – Need for Coordination – Link to Earth Rotation – Time and
Earth Motion Services.

UNIT III

C/A code; P-code; Y-code; L1, L2 Carrier frequencies – Code Pseudo Ranges – Carries
Phases – Pseudo Ranges – Satellite Signal Signature – Navigation Messages and
Formats – Undifferenced and Differenced Range Models – Delta Ranges – Signal
Processing and Processing Techniques – Tracking Networks – Ephemerides – Data
Combination: Narrow Lane; Wide Lane – OTF Ambiguity.
UNIT IV

Propagation Media – Multipath – Antenna Phase Centre – Atmosphere in brief –
Elements of Wave Propagation – Ionospheric Effects on GPS Observations – Code
Delay – Phase Advances – Integer Bias – Clock Error – Cycle Slip – Noise-Bias –
Blunders – Tropospheric Effects on GPS Oberservables – Multipath Effect – Antenna
Phase Centre Problems and Correction.
UNIT V

Inter Disciplinary Applications – Crystal Dynamics – Gravity Field Mapping –
Atmospheric Occulation – Surveying – Geophysics – Air borne GPS – Ground
Transportation – Space borne GPS – Metrological and Climate Research using GPS.

REFERENCES:

1. B.Hoffman - Wellenhof, H.Lichtenegger and J.Collins, "GPS: Theory and Practice",
4th revised edition, Springer, Wein, New york,1997
2. A.Leick, "GPS Satellites Surveying", 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons,NewYork,1995
3. B.Parkinson, J.Spilker, Jr.(Eds), "GPS: Theory and Applications", Vol.I & Vol.II, AIAA,
370 L'Enfant Promenade SW, Washington, DC 20024, 1996
4. A.Kleusberg and P.Teunisen(Eds), “GPS for Geodesy”, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,1996
5. L.Adams, "The GPS - A Shared National Asset”, Chair, National Academy Press,
Washington, DC, 1995
Websites:
6. http://www.auslig.gov.au
7. http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov
8. http://gibs.leipzig.ifag.de
9. http://www.navcen.uscg.mil

VL9265 DSP PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING

VL9265 DSP PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMABLE DSPs

Multiplier and Multiplier accumulator – Modified Bus Structures and Memory access in PDSPs
– Multiple access memory – Multi-port memory – VLIW architecture- Pipelining –
Special Addressing modes in P-DSPs – On chip Peripherals.

UNIT II TMS320C5X PROCESSOR

Architecture – Assembly language syntax - Addressing modes – Assembly language
Instructions - Pipeline structure, Operation – Block Diagram of DSP starter kit –
Application Programs for processing real time signals.

UNIT III TMS320C3X PROCESSOR

Architecture – Data formats - Addressing modes – Groups of addressing modes-
Instruction sets - Operation – Block Diagram of DSP starter kit – Application Programs
for processing real time signals – Generating and finding the sum of series, Convolution
of two sequences, Filter design

UNIT IV ADSP PROCESSORS

Architecture of ADSP-21XX and ADSP-210XX series of DSP processors- Addressing
modes and assembly language instructions – Application programs –Filter design, FFT
calculation.

UNIT V ADVANCED PROCESSORS

Architecture of TMS320C54X: Pipe line operation, Code Composer studio - Architecture
of TMS320C6X - Architecture of Motorola DSP563XX – Comparison of the features of
DSP family processors.

REFERENCES:
1. B.Venkataramani and M.Bhaskar, “Digital Signal Processors – Architecture,
Programming and Applications” – Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Company Limited.
New Delhi, 2003.
2. User guides Texas Instrumentation, Analog Devices, Motorola.

CU9256 NETWORK ROUTING ALGORITHMS

CU9256 NETWORK ROUTING ALGORITHMS

UNIT I INTRODUCTION

ISO OSI Layer Architecture, TCP/IP Layer Architecture, Functions of Network layer,
General Classification of routing, Routing in telephone networks, Dynamic Non
hierarchical Routing (DNHR), Trunk status map routing (TSMR), real-time network
routing (RTNR), Distance vector routing, Link state routing, Hierarchical routing.

UNIT II INTERNET ROUTING

Interior protocol : Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF),
Bellman Ford Distance Vector Routing. Exterior Routing Protocols: Exterior Gateway
Protocol (EGP) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Multicast Routing: Pros and cons
of Multicast and Multiple Unicast Routing, Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
(DVMRP), Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF), MBONE, Core Based Tree
Routing.

UNIT III ROUTING IN OPTICAL WDM NETWORKS

Classification of RWA algorithms, RWA algorithms, Fairness and Admission Control,
Distributed Control Protocols, Permanent Routing and Wavelength Requirements,
Wavelength Rerouting- Benefits and Issues, Lightpath Migration, Rerouting Schemes,
Algorithms- AG, MWPG.

UNIT IV MOBILE - IP NETWORKS

Macro-mobility Protocols, Micro-mobility protocol: Tunnel based : Hierarchical Mobile
IP, Intra domain Mobility Management, Routing based: Cellular IP, Handoff Wireless
Access Internet Infrastructure (HAWAII).

UNIT V MOBILE AD –HOC NETWORKS

Internet-based mobile ad-hoc networking communication strategies, Routing algorithms
– Proactive routing: destination sequenced Distance Vector Routing (DSDV), Reactive
routing: Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
(AODV), Hybrid Routing: Zone Based Routing (ZRP).

REFERENCES:

1. William Stallings, ‘ High speed networks and Internets Performance and Quality of
Service’, IInd Edition, Pearson Education Asia. Reprint India 2002
2. M. Steen Strub, ‘ Routing in Communication network, Prentice –Hall International,
Newyork,1995.
3. S. Keshav, ‘An engineering approach to computer networking’ Addison Wesley 1999.
4. William Stallings, ‘High speed Networks TCP/IP and ATM Design Principles,
Prentice- Hall, New York, 1995
5. C.E Perkins, ‘Ad Hoc Networking’, Addison – Wesley, 2001
6. Ian F. Akyildiz, Jiang Xie and Shantidev Mohanty, “ A Survey of mobility
Management in Next generation All IP- Based Wireless Systems”, IEEE Wireless
Communications Aug.2004, pp 16-27.
7. A.T Campbell et al., “ Comparison of IP Micromobility Protocols,” IEEE Wireless
Communications Feb.2002, pp 72-82.
8. C.Siva Rama Murthy and Mohan Gurusamy, “ WDM Optical Networks – Concepts,
Design and Algorithms”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi –2002.

VL9264 DIGITAL SPEECH SIGNAL PROCESSING

VL9264 DIGITAL SPEECH SIGNAL PROCESSING

UNIT I MECHANICS OF SPEECH

Speech production mechanism – Nature of Speech signal – Discrete time modelling of
Speech production – Representation of Speech signals – Classification of Speech
sounds – Phones – Phonemes – Phonetic and Phonemic alphabets – Articulatory
features. Music production – Auditory perception – Anatomical pathways from the ear to
the perception of sound – Peripheral auditory system – Psycho acoustics

UNIT II TIME DOMAIN METHODS FOR SPEECH PROCESSING

Time domain parameters of Speech signal – Methods for extracting the parameters
Energy, Average Magnitude – Zero crossing Rate – Silence Discrimination using ZCR
and energy – Short Time Auto Correlation Function – Pitch period estimation using Auto
Correlation Function

UNIT III FREQUENCY DOMAIN METHOD FOR SPEECH PROCESSING

Short Time Fourier analysis – Filter bank analysis – Formant extraction – Pitch
Extraction – Analysis by Synthesis- Analysis synthesis systems- Phase vocoder—
Channel Vocoder.
HOMOMORPHIC SPEECH ANALYSIS:
Cepstral analysis of Speech – Formant and Pitch Estimation – Homomorphic Vocoders.

UNIT IV LINEAR PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF SPEECH 10

Formulation of Linear Prediction problem in Time Domain – Basic Principle – Auto
correlation method – Covariance method – Solution of LPC equations – Cholesky
method – Durbin’s Recursive algorithm – lattice formation and solutions – Comparison of
different methods – Application of LPC parameters – Pitch detection using LPC
parameters – Formant analysis – VELP – CELP.

UNIT V APPLICATION OF SPEECH SIGNAL PROCESSING

Algorithms: Spectral Estimation, dynamic time warping, hidden Markov model – Music
analysis – Pitch Detection – Feature analysis for recognition –Automatic Speech
Recognition – Feature Extraction for ASR – Deterministic sequence recognition –
Statistical Sequence recognition – ASR systems – Speaker identification and verification
– Voice response system – Speech Synthesis: Text to speech, voice over IP.

REFERENCES:

1. Ben Gold and Nelson Morgan, Speech and Audio Signal Processing, John Wiley and
Sons Inc. , Singapore, 2004
2. L.R.Rabiner and R.W.Schaffer – Digital Processing of Speech signals – Prentice Hall
-1978
3. Quatieri – Discrete-time Speech Signal Processing – Prentice Hall – 2001.
4. J.L.Flanagan – Speech analysis: Synthesis and Perception – 2nd edition – Berlin –
1972
5. I.H.Witten – – Principles of Computer Speech – Academic Press – 1982